A dilatation of the spermatic veins is known as what?

• A. Varicocele
• B. Hydrocele
• C. Spermatocele
• D. Orchitis

Answer: (A)

A varicocele is the dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus within the scrotum. On ultrasound, you’ll see multiple tortuous, anechoic channels superior to the testis that are often more prominent on the left. The veins typically measure a few millimeters in diameter (often >2 mm) and show venous flow that increases with maneuvers like Valsalva or standing, indicating reflux. Clinically, it may feel like a “bag of worms” and can be associated with infertility due to elevated scrotal temperature affecting sperm production.

Hydrocele is a fluid-filled collection around the testis and does not involve dilated veins. Spermatocele is a cystic dilation of the epididymal ducts, usually a separate cystic structure near the testis. Orchitis is inflammation of the testis, presenting with enlargement and hypoechogenicity of the testis and typically increased blood flow on Doppler due to inflammation.