Ovulation is regulated by which structure within the brain?

• A. Hypothalamus
• B. Pituitary Gland
• C. Cerebellum
• D. Amygdala

Answer: (A)

Ovulation is controlled by the hypothalamus. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a pulsatile fashion, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH. The LH surge then triggers ovulation—the release of a mature oocyte from the dominant follicle. Estrogen from the developing follicle provides positive feedback to drive that LH surge. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to regulate the cycle. The cerebellum handles movement, and the amygdala processes emotions, but neither directly governs this hormonal cascade. The pituitary is essential for releasing FSH and LH, but its activity is controlled by the hypothalamus, making the hypothalamus the brain structure that regulates ovulation.