What is the term for a focal collection of ectopic endometrium tissue commonly known as a chocolate cyst?

• A. Endometrioma
• B. Endometriosis
• C. PID
• D. Paraovarian cyst

Answer: (A)

A focal collection of ectopic endometrium within the ovary is called an endometrioma, commonly known as a chocolate cyst. Endometriomas form when endometrial-like tissue implants in the ovary and bleeds cyclically, turning the cyst contents into old blood that gives a chocolate-brown appearance. In ultrasound, endometriomas typically appear as a cystic ovarian mass with homogeneous low-level echoes or a ground-glass texture, reflecting the thick, old blood. This differs from broader endometriosis, which is the presence of ectopic endometrium outside the uterus in general, from pelvic inflammatory disease, or from paraovarian cysts, which are unrelated to endometrial tissue.