Which term describes experiments conducted outside organisms in tubes or dishes?

• A. Ex Vivo
• B. In Vitro
• C. In Vivo
• D. Spatial Peak

Answer: (B)

Experiments conducted outside living organisms in tubes or dishes are described as in vitro. In vitro studies isolate cells, tissues, or biomolecules and place them into controlled environments, such as culture dishes or test tubes, to examine specific processes without the complexity of a whole organism. This setup lets researchers control variables tightly and observe direct effects on the isolated system.

Ex vivo refers to testing on tissues or organs removed from an organism but kept in a relatively natural state, preserving more of the tissue's native interactions than a typical in vitro setup. In vivo means experiments performed inside a living organism, where the whole organism’s biological context influences the outcome. Spatial peak is a measurement concept from imaging physics that describes the location of maximum intensity in space, not a description of where experiments are performed.