Which term describes flow where layers slide over each other with maximum velocity at the center and slowest near the walls, found in smaller arteries?

• A. Laminar
• B. Turbulent
• C. Plug flow
• D. Disturbed flow

Answer: (A)

Laminar flow describes smooth, orderly movement where layers slide past one another with minimal mixing. Because of friction at the vessel walls (the no-slip condition), the velocity is highest in the center and decreases toward the walls, producing a parabolic velocity profile. This pattern is typical in smaller arteries where the flow remains streamlined. The other terms describe different patterns: plug flow would have a nearly uniform velocity across the cross-section, turbulent flow would be chaotic with eddies, and disturbed flow implies irregular, transitional patterns often near bends or branches.